Russian oligarchs are a group of wealthy business people who rose to prominence and acquired vast wealth during the privatization of state-owned assets in Russia in the 1990s. The term „oligarch“ comes from the Greek word „oligarkhia,“ meaning rule by a small number of people. In Russia, this group of individuals played a dominant role in the country’s politics and economics after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
The process of privatization in Russia was initiated by President Boris Yeltsin’s government in the 1990s. State-owned assets, including oil, gas, mineral, and industrial companies, were sold off to private individuals and businesses. The oligarchs acquired their wealth by buying these assets at below-market prices, often using their political connections to gain an advantage over other buyers. They then used their wealth to expand their businesses and secure their political power.
Many of the oligarchs became influential figures in Russia’s politics and business, using their wealth and power to further their interests. They formed close relationships with the government and used their wealth to influence policies that favored their businesses. This, combined with their control over significant portions of Russia’s economy, gave them significant influence over the country’s political and economic direction.
However, the rise of the oligarchs was not without controversy. Critics accused them of corruption and abuse of power, saying that they used their wealth and political connections to undermine democracy and the rule of law in Russia. Some also argued that the privatization process was flawed, allowing a small group of individuals to acquire enormous wealth and power at the expense of the Russian people.
In recent years, the Russian government has taken steps to rein in the power of the oligarchs. Under President Vladimir Putin, the government has increased its control over key sectors of the economy, including energy, and some oligarchs have had their assets seized or been forced to sell them. Despite these efforts, however, the oligarchs remain among the wealthiest and most influential people in Russia, with a significant impact on the country’s politics and economics.
In conclusion, the Russian oligarchs became wealthy by acquiring state-owned assets during the privatization process in the 1990s. They used their wealth and political connections to expand their businesses and secure their political power, leading to significant controversy and criticism. Despite efforts by the government to rein in their power, the oligarchs remain influential figures in Russia today.